Quad¶
Represents a four-sided mathematical shape (also called “quadrilateral” or “tetragon”) in the plane, defined as a sequence of four Point objects ul, ur, ll, lr (conveniently called upper left, upper right, lower left, lower right).
Quads can be obtained as results of text search methods (Page.search_for()
), and they are used to define text marker annotations (see e.g. Page.add_squiggly_annot()
and friends), and in several draw methods (like Page.draw_quad()
/ Shape.draw_quad()
, Page.draw_oval()
/ Shape.draw_quad()
).
Note
If the corners of a rectangle are transformed with a rotation, scale or translation Matrix, then the resulting quad is rectangular (= congruent to a rectangle), i.e. all of its corners again enclose angles of 90 degrees. Property
Quad.is_rectangular
checks whether a quad can be thought of being the result of such an operation.This is not true for all matrices: e.g. shear matrices produce parallelograms, and non-invertible matrices deliver “degenerate” tetragons like triangles or lines.
Attribute
Quad.rect
obtains the envelopping rectangle. Vice versa, rectangles now have attributesRect.quad
, resp.IRect.quad
to obtain their respective tetragon versions.
Methods / Attributes |
Short Description |
---|---|
transform with a matrix |
|
transform with a point and matrix |
|
upper left point |
|
upper right point |
|
lower left point |
|
lower right point |
|
true if quad is a convex set |
|
true if quad is an empty set |
|
true if quad is congruent to a rectangle |
|
smallest containing Rect |
|
the longest width value |
|
the longest height value |
Class API
- class Quad¶
- __init__(self)¶
- __init__(self, ul, ur, ll, lr)¶
- __init__(self, quad)¶
- __init__(self, sequence)¶
Overloaded constructors: “ul”, “ur”, “ll”, “lr” stand for
point_like
objects (the four corners), “sequence” is a Python sequence with fourpoint_like
objects.If “quad” is specified, the constructor creates a new copy of it.
Without parameters, a quad consisting of 4 copies of Point(0, 0) is created.
- transform(matrix)¶
Modify the quadrilateral by transforming each of its corners with a matrix.
- Parameters
matrix (matrix_like) – the matrix.
- morph(fixpoint, matrix)¶
(New in version 1.17.0) “Morph” the quad with a matrix-like using a point-like as fixed point.
- Parameters
fixpoint (point_like) – the point.
matrix (matrix_like) – the matrix.
- Returns
a new quad (no operation if this is the infinite quad).
- rect¶
The smallest rectangle containing the quad, represented by the blue area in the following picture.
- Type
- is_convex¶
(New in version 1.16.1)
Checks if for any two points of the quad, all points on their connecting line also belong to the quad.
- Type
bool
- is_empty¶
True if enclosed area is zero, which means that at least three of the four corners are on the same line. If this is false, the quad may still be degenerate or not look like a tetragon at all (triangles, parallelograms, trapezoids, …).
- Type
bool
- is_rectangular¶
True if all corner angles are 90 degrees. This implies that the quad is convex and not empty.
- Type
bool
- width¶
The maximum length of the top and the bottom side.
- Type
float
- height¶
The maximum length of the left and the right side.
- Type
float
Remark¶
This class adheres to the sequence protocol, so components can be dealt with via their indices, too. Also refer to Using Python Sequences as Arguments in PyMuPDF.
We are still in process to extend algebraic operations to quads. Multiplication and division with / by numbers and matrices are already defined. Addition, subtraction and any unary operations may follow when we see an actual need.
Containment Checks¶
Independent from the previous remark, the following containment checks are possible:
point in quad
– check whether a point is inside a quadrilateral.rect in quad
– check whether a rectangle is inside a quadrilateral. This is done by checking the containment of its four corners.quad in quad
– check whether some quad is contained in some other quadrilateral. This is done by checking the containment of its four corners.
Please note the following interesting detail:
For a rectangle, only its top-left point belongs to it. Since v1.19.0, rectangles are defined to be “open”, such that its bottom and its right edge do not belong to it – including the respective corners. But for quads there exists no notion like “openness”, so we have the following surprising situation:
>>> rect.br in rect
False
>>> # but:
>>> rect.br in rect.quad
True